Hydraulic brake for vehicles



Jan. 13, 1931. ,J. H.- PETERSON HYDRAULIC BRAKE FORk VEHICLES j FiledkJune 28, L1930 2 beeps-sheet Lg y Patented Jan. 13,` 1931 Joann PETEnsoNfoF SILVER crrmrrowa y linffiusmniinI: nanna For. vnnrrcwsf@ ,f

l' Applicatie-lignei! June l28,

` Thepresentifinvention lrelates'fto brakes,

and more' ,particularly toy brakes applicable to vehicles, such "asy automobiles."

y objectv of the presentvinventioii-"i's' to` prov`ide an improved brakeinechanismof the hydrauuc typ@ whidhmay" be ,easily @ad quickly installed k'upon automobiles,` vfvhjich` will insure uneven` distribution ofthe" fluid-` j medium employed," which `wi1l exert ""an'f 1o equalized yet i independent, pressure` at eaclij ofthe braking units, and 'animproved brake of thehydraulic type v vhereiny uponu'da'm]- age to any one ofthe units the sainemay' be disconnected from.' the general syetem v 'and '15 'the latter operated ,Withoutv ldssfofiluid, j 'c :Another4 object of the presentinveition is toprovidev a 'brake mechanism'whicl1'v`in-- eualization" not only 'through the e.

cludes fluid Y m i'um butfalso v through mechanical 2.0 equalizers which,aefincorporated" the structure so va s to` maintain' desired pressure l in each 'of the several independent'luid'lines 'mounted onfarod 14havi'nga handle 15 `on.`

and which will equalize .A the pressure distributed tothe severalliiies. l d;

, '25' v '1 -he invention al so aims atgtheprovisionA of a `brake l niechanisfli`1 of this; character whereinf the braking eil'crt` may be simul-y i taneously and;y equally appliedfpractically y v 4 suclraskoil, from the vcontainer lointothe f instantaneously upon' vthe movement Vvof a focotlpedn dr thank@ to thu-S insured brdkdj mechanism which ,under v complete control of the operator, I l With the!` foregoing andother object's'in View, `thefiifrveifition will be-'more fully described hereinafter, and will bel VInoreparticularly pointed 'out in the claims appended lieretay'MVK e In the drawings,evvhereinglike symbols re i fer to-like orcorrespondingparts throughout the several v `views,

- 'Figurel is la 'top plan view 425 the relative location ofthe brakemechanism uponan automobile. f 'f f' e inocthe'brale mechanism applied thereto. 5 ligu're `3 is "'a` vertical v section vtaken ofl amb-rake mechanism constructed according to'wzthe present invention, the `dotted lines showing' pling and f'actuating jmeans therefor, PB PS ,'55 beingshovvnin`section.' l Fig'ure is a fragmentaryy enlarged plan vievv` of the distributor header with", the iinf dependent kcontrol Qmeans the branches" foffthe:systemen@ ,c Figure G is a detailend view'o'f thefguald c device. employed, for the branchw'control valves.y

y. 'Referring iiowfto the drawings,` 10 cdesig-A 1 nates a,supply cylinderfor reservoir whichfr,A may be, fof any suitblejs'iZe', jund which" 'a's j shovvn'in Figure Bfmay comprise 'a `cylindrid cal', container havingsa `depressed bottom and into" the lowerinternicdiate portion of Whicl is"` Qthreaddd.: pipe 11.' Concentri- A7l) callyfdspsedyvit tliecont'anerl is af y pump cylinder 121 having a piston t 13 therein A its upper end.y Theflower erdof the rod 12 isy pointedf orl 'tapered tof provide. a, needle '15 valve 16`` adapted to rs eaftiria flaring bush-, ing'l'Z-disposedinthe bottom ofthe con-4 talner A1 0 for shutting voff the flowof liquid,

supply i`e 11.f'`vv l, ,c so

`The del? of ,the containerlO 'is provided with a.removablev cap 18 by means of which thev containerj may be supplied with@ liquid from time to time. The'fp'um cylinderl 121 has nearitsfflower-iend an in et nozzlel y19 85l provided with an upwardly y seating' valve as showninFigure 3 for admittingtlieflow` of oil from fthe container I(), intlo, the lowerlv c end `of the pump cylin'deri12l when f li'cf pist-(m 1 3is raisedQjw l T"D'o The supply pipe-,l1 leads to allie-ader 420 whichmay'b'e 1n the form ofa cylinder oi" the like with the 'pipe "11 opening` 'into 'one end thereof f and` the header being (closed at" its opposite end as shownin Figure A Fromthe headerQQ extends alm nberjofV branch .pipes 21; Foui such liiipesffare'` sliovvn in thepresent'y instance, and'each pipe f is provided withavalve orfturning plug"22,` thefhandle 'of which `is-'disp`osed "at one Yside V100 ofthe valve, and the valves and their handles' are so arranged as to register longitudinally` when all of the valves are. open. Each pi e 21 is provided with a valve 22 so that t e flow of oil from the container 10 may be selectively cut off to each pipe independently of the other pi es. In order to maintain the valve hand es'inl 'closed` position fand from accidently opening incident to the vibration of the vehicle or the like, a 'guard'l strip 23 is employed, the same'being lU- shaped in oros section and of suflicient depth to fit over the handles of the valvesJ 22 and enclose the same. The guard plate 23 is provided at opposite sides and at suit'-V able spaced points with apertures through.. which cotter pins 24 or,y thelike maybe passed for holding the guard plate in osition. Each" ipe 21 extends horizontal y from the` hea( er 20` to an independent 'pressurev unit inthe forml of a lcylinder 25."V v,In the present instance the brakeY mechanism is a plicable to the four wheelsof a motor vehicle and each wheel element ofthe brake isprovided with a cylinder or pressure eley ment-25. The pi 21 enters the rear endofthe4 pressure cy inder f 25 5to 'deliver oil thereto, and the and preferably a ]acent the end ofA theV cylinder, any inwardly o :ning fcheckjvialve '26 which may be of the all type, las Vshown to advantage in Figure 4, for ermitt'ing the passage of oil into the cylin er 25 and preventing the return lof'I theroil to the pipe 2,1'. The cylinder 25 isprovidedwith a `piston 27 mounted on theend of a 'piston rod 28 which extends axiallyv through the opposite end ofthe cylinder 25. The saidrst end ofthe cylinder 25 is provided with a distributin *branch pipe 29 which leads' to ,oneof the rake units of thel vehicle, and the pipe' 29 is preferablyypro'vided at'one or more intermediate points with loops `or fhelices 30 arranged at the desiredangle to'permity of the-free flexing' of thepipe 29 without.

damage thereto incident to the vibration of the adjacent wheel and axle of the vehicle.

As may best be seen ,fromA Figure 4, the four cylinders25fare `mounted 1n' a frame comprising cross pieces 31 which have their ends secured yto the side frames v32 of the vehicle,.as shown in dotted lines lixr`ld`igi1re 1, for' rigidlyl supporting the cylinders 25 inv a horizontal transverse row, and for supporting the equalizing and operating devices of` project from the ends of their respective: cylinders and are coupled together 1n pairsV by cross pieces 33 which are pivotally mounted on the outer endsof the pairs of rods 28.

Each cross piece 33 is pivotally connected intermediate its ends to one end of a link 34, and the two links 34 .are pivotally vconnected at their outer ends, to across piece ,.35

which at its intermediate portion isvpivot- .provided with vtures 38 adapted to selectively receive the (pipe has interposed in it,

ally mounted upon a pivot pin 36 adjustably connected in the end of a pull rod 37. The

pull rod 37 is flattened at its rear end and a longitudinal row of aperpivot pin 36 therein so as to vary the relative positions ofthe rod` 37 and the various piston rodsi 28. The rod 37 is slidably mountedin ar bracket 39 carried upon the adjacent side of the frame 31,` and the rod 37 passesv through the frame between the inner l cylinders 25and forwardly thereof where the rod 37 is pivotally connected by a pin 40 to an arm 41 carried on a crossshaft 42` suitably mounted in the frame 32 of the vehicle. The shaft 42 is provided with a foot p e'lal 43v by means. of` which the shaft 42 may be rocked so astodraw the A'rod 37 forwardly.` v

.'Referrin *now to Figure 2each element of thejbra e, located one ateach wheel 44 of the vehicle, comprises a `brake' drum' 45l provided with a Vpair of internal brake shoes 46`pivota'lly mounted at their lower ends onV pins 47 to the .stationaryplate within the drum, and which at their upperr ends are normallyurged to contract awayy from the ldrum 45, by a spring 50.

.The'free end of each brake shoe 46 carries a piston rod 51 having a piston 52 on its outer end slidable'in a cylinder 53 suit-ably mounted upon the said plate within they c drum. lThe piston rods 51 are' of such length that the pistons'52.arespaced`apart in the cylinder 53 and the branch' supply pipe 29 o ens intothe cylinder 53 ata point between t e pistons 52', as shown in dotted lines in Fiire 2.l v operation, the oil is placed cylinder -1() and b` Vmeans' of operating the piston 13 is force throu h the su ply pipe 11 into the header 20,. rom the fullilin'es in Figure 4, i' The `o1l is also sup- 'plied to the branch sup eader 20v the oil passes through the branch pipes 21- lyl pipes29 j and to the spaces in the cylin ers53 between ,thc

pistons 52.

' When the valves 22 are ad-insted, the

guard vstrip 23 isapplied thereto and the vvalves aref thusfv securely held" 'from laccidently movin out of position;

f -When itis esired to apply the brakes, the

operator moves'the' pedal 43, turns the shaft 42 and.` swings the arm '41 to drawtliemd 37 forwardly. As the rod 37 moves forwardly it carries with it the large cross'bar 35Ylandzthrough the links 34l advance the smaller cross bars 33 forwardly so as `to move the piston rods 28 `forwardly inthe cylinders' 25'. Thus, there .is an equalization e not only between lthe pairs of piston rods 28, but also between the piston rods of each pair so that there is any equalization of pressure on all of the` pistons 27 in the various cylinders 25.

The yresult is that should there be an unequal amount of fluid in any of the pipes 2l and 29 of the system, the loss will lbe com pensated for by the pivf-ial and pressure transfer action of the various links and cross bars 33, 34 and 35.

When one of the cylinders is empty the piston 27 thereof will move freely therein lnadvance of the other piston of a pair due to the fact that the piston 27 normally rest-s l at an intermediate point in the cylinder so that the distance of travel of the piston 27 to the end of the cylinder is very small. Moreover, the pistonnods 28 are suiiciently long and flexible enough to permit the rods 28 to lapproach one another when the cross bars 33 are swung about their pivots, There is also a certain amount of looseness between the parts 28, 33 and 34 to`compensate for any movement of the rods 28 towards each other so that there will be no binding between the piston rods28 and their bearings in the cylinders and the pistons will not jam in the cylinder.

The liquid under pressure enters the cylinders 53 and spreads the pistons 52 apart with the result that the brake shoes 46 are moved into engagement with the inner sur- .,face of the drum and exert pressure there against to effect the braking action.

If it is desired the locking ydevice ymay be applied to the valve handles ,as shown in Figure 5, and wherein the locking strip 23 engages over the axially aligned handles for holding the valves 22 in closed position.

mounted yon thel outer ends of said links, Vand a ull rod rigidly guidedin said frameand a justably and pivotall connected to said l.larger cross bar for a vancing `all of the cross bars and links in one direction for exertlng umform and equal pressure upon flu1d contained 1n saldcyllnders.

\ 2. In a braking s stem, a plurality of pres-y sure elements, con uits connected inde endently to the pressure elements, each o said ressure elements comprising a cylinder, a rame for carrying` said cylinders, a liquid supply header, independent connections bet pairs, a link pivotally carried by each bar. a

larger cross lbar pivotally mounted on the outer ends of said links, and a pull rod guided in said` frame and pivotally connected to said larger cross bar for advancing allof the cross bars and'links inone direction for exerting uniform and equal'pres-- suret upon fluid contained .in said.v cylinders.

In testimony whereof, I have affixed my i signature.

JOHN H. PETERSON.

When it is desired to admit more liquid to one or more of the pipes 21, it isonly necesrvsary to open the respective valves 22 and operate the pump piston 13 to supply the desired branch or branches with the oil.

' It is obvious that various changes and modifications may be made in the details of construction and design ofthe above specially described embodiment ofthis invention without departing from the spirit thereof` such changes and modifications being restricted only by the scope of the following i claims.

What is claimed is 1. In a braking system, a series of pressure elements, conduits connected independently lto said pressure elements, each of said pressure elements .comprising a cylinder, a frame for carrying said cylinders, a piston mounted in each cylinder and having a" relatively short rigid piston rod projecting therefrom, relatively short cross bars pivotally connected to said piston rods for coupling the same in pairs, a link pivotally carried byeach cross bar, a large cross bar pivotally i io 

